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glycolytic process

Also known as GO:0006096, glycolysis

thumb|400px|class=skin-invert-image|Summary of aerobic respirationGlycolysis is the metabolic pathway that converts glucose () into pyruvate and, in most organisms, occurs in the liquid part of cells (the cytosol). The free energy released in this process is used to form the high-energy molecules adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH). Glycolysis is a sequence of ten reactions catalyzed by enzymes. thumb|375x375px|Summary of the 10 reactions of the glycolysis pathway

AI overview

Glycolysis is a cellular process that breaks down glucose into pyruvate through ten enzyme-catalyzed reactions, primarily occurring in the cytosol (the liquid part of cells). This process matters because it releases energy that cells capture and store in high-energy molecules called ATP and NADH, which fuel essential cellular functions.

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Research

66,605 papers

The glycolytic process in endothelial cells and its implications.ReviewActa pharmacologica Sinica · 2022Leung SWS, Shi YDOI: 10.1038/s41401-021-00647-y
Target modulation of glycolytic pathways as a new strategy for the treatment of neuroinflammatory diseases.ReviewAgeing research reviews · 2024Wang H, Liu S, Sun Y et al.DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2024.102472
Role of PFKFB3-driven glycolysis in vessel sprouting.Cell · 2013De Bock K, Georgiadou M, Schoors S et al.DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2013.06.037
Senescent melanocytes driven by glycolytic changes are characterized by melanosome transport dysfunction.Theranostics · 2023Park YJ, Kim JC, Kim Y et al.DOI: 10.7150/thno.84912
Tumor glycolysis as a target for cancer therapy: progress and prospects.ReviewMolecular cancer · 2013Ganapathy-Kanniappan S, Geschwind JFDOI: 10.1186/1476-4598-12-152
Disruption of the eEF1A1/ARID3A/PKC-δ Complex by Neferine Inhibits Macrophage Glycolytic Reprogramming in Atherosclerosis.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2025Xie B, Tian LW, Liu C et al.DOI: 10.1002/advs.202416158
Histone lactylation mediated by Fam172a in POMC neurons regulates energy balance.Nature communications · 2024Chen Z, Wan B, Zhang H et al.DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-54488-4
Tumor glycolysis, an essential sweet tooth of tumor cells.ReviewSeminars in cancer biology · 2022Paul S, Ghosh S, Kumar SDOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2022.09.007

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Wikidata facts

Image: GlycolysiscompleteLabelled.png

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Commons category: Glycolysis
exact match: purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0006096

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~48 min read

Article

29 sections

Contents

Overview
History
Sequence of reactions
Summary of reactions
Biochemical logic
Free energy changes
Regulation
Regulation by insulin in animals
Regulated Enzymes in Glycolysis
Hexokinase and glucokinase
Phosphofructokinase
Pyruvate kinase
Post-glycolysis processes
Anoxic regeneration of NAD<sup>+</sup>
Aerobic regeneration of NAD<sup>+</sup> and further catabolism of pyruvate
Conversion of carbohydrates into fatty acids and cholesterol
Conversion of pyruvate into oxaloacetate for the citric acid cycle
Intermediates for other pathways
Glycolysis in disease
Diabetes
Genetic diseases
Cancer
Interactive pathway map
Alternative nomenclature
Structure of glycolysis components in Fischer projections and polygonal model
Structure of glycolysis components in skeletal diagram and conservation-of-matter model
See also
References
External links

The wide occurrence of glycolysis in other species indicates that it is an ancient metabolic pathway. Indeed, the reactions that make up glycolysis and its parallel pathway, the pentose phosphate pathway, can occur in the oxygen-free conditions of the Archean oceans, also in the absence of enzymes, catalyzed by metal ions, meaning this is a plausible prebiotic pathway for abiogenesis.