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grain
Sign in to saveAlso known as food grain, edible grain, foodgrain
thumb|upright=1.35|Various food grains at a market in IndiaA grain is a small, hard, dry fruit (caryopsis) – with or without an attached hull layer – harvested for human or animal consumption. A grain crop is a grain-producing plant. The two main types of commercial grain crops are cereals and legumes.
A grain is a small, hard, dry fruit harvested from plants and used as food for people and animals. The two main types of grain crops grown commercially are cereals and legumes, making grains important food sources worldwide.
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Research
219,940 papers- Cereal seed storage proteins: structures, properties and role in grain utilization.ReviewJournal of experimental botany · 2002Shewry PR, Halford NGDOI: 10.1093/jexbot/53.370.947
- The transcription factor MYB44 suppresses starch synthesis to negatively regulate grain weight and yield in wheat and rice.Molecular plant · 2025Liu Y, Wang M, Wang Y et al.DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2025.06.007
- The OsIAA3-OsARF16-OsBUL1 auxin signaling module regulates grain size in rice.Plant physiology · 2025Xian F, Liu S, Huang J et al.DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiaf122
- The E3 ligase OsPUB33 controls rice grain size and weight by regulating the OsNAC120-BG1 module.The Plant cell · 2024Xie Z, Sun Y, Zhan C et al.DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koae297
- Control of grain size in rice.ReviewPlant reproduction · 2018Li N, Xu R, Duan P et al.DOI: 10.1007/s00497-018-0333-6
- Solutions for whole grain food development.ReviewNutrition reviews · 2020Tan B, Wu NN, Zhai XTDOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuz068
- A molecular framework for the GS2-SUG1 module-mediated control of grain size and weight in rice.Nature communications · 2025Li Y, Huang K, Zhang L et al.DOI: 10.1038/s41467-025-59236-w
- Grain Intake and Human Health.Nutrients · 2020Zingone FDOI: 10.3390/nu12123733
via PubMed
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Article
16 sectionsContents
- Cereal and non-cereal grains
- Cereal grains
- Warm-season cereals
- Cool-season cereals
- Pseudocereal grains
- Pulses or grain legumes
- Oilseed grains
- Mustard family
- Aster family
- Other families
- Historical importance
- Trade
- Occupational safety and health
- See also
- References
- External links
thumb|upright=1.35|Various food grains at a market in IndiaA grain is a small, hard, dry fruit (caryopsis) – with or without an attached hull layer – harvested for human or animal consumption. A grain crop is a grain-producing plant. The two main types of commercial grain crops are cereals and legumes.
After being harvested, dry grains are more durable than other staple foods, such as starchy fruits (plantains, breadfruit, etc.) and tubers (sweet potatoes, cassava, and more). This durability has made grains well suited to industrial agriculture, since they can be mechanically harvested, transported by rail or ship, stored for long periods in silos, and milled for flour or pressed for oil. The grain market is a major global agricultural market that includes crops such as maize, rice, soybeans, wheat and other grains.