Ivan Alexander of Bulgaria
Tsar of Bulgaria (r. 1331 to 1371)
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Ivan Alexander Asen (Bulgarian: Иван Александър Асен, transliterated Ivan Aleksandǎr Asen, pronounced [iˈvan ɐlɛkˈsandɐr ˈasɛn]; original spelling: ІѠАНЪ АЛЄѮАНРЪ), also known just as Ivan Alexander, sometimes anglicized as John Alexander, ruled as Emperor (Tsar) of Bulgaria from 1331 to 1371, during the Second Bulgarian Empire. The date of his birth is unknown. He died on 17 February 1371.
The long reign of Ivan Alexander Asen is considered a transitional period in Bulgarian medieval history. The Tsar began his rule by dealing with internal problems and external threats from Bulgaria's neighbours, the Byzantine Empire and Serbia, as well as leading his empire into a period of economic recovery and cultural and religious renaissance.