Naja is a genus of venomous elapid snakes commonly known as cobras (or "true cobras"). Various species occur throughout Africa, Southwest Asia, South Asia, and Southeast Asia. Several other elapid species are often called "cobras", such as the king cobra and the rinkhals, but they are not "true cobras", in that they do not belong to the genus Naja.
Naja is a genus of venomous snakes commonly called cobras, found across Africa and Asia. These "true cobras" are distinguished from other snakes that are also called cobras (like king cobras) by their scientific classification within the Naja genus.
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Red-eyed Damselfly
Naja
GENUS
提示:本条目的主题不是眼鏡蛇 (漫畫)。 眼鏡蛇屬(學名:Naja)為眼鏡蛇科的一个屬,其成員均为毒蛇,大多被統稱為眼鏡蛇。雖然世上也有不少其他蛇類的名字包含「眼鏡蛇」一稱(如眼鏡王蛇、水眼鏡蛇),但它們因演化親緣性不足而並不歸為此屬。眼鏡蛇屬目前約有20多個已確認物種,但分類學上經常就物種的獨立性問題而存有爭論,因此某些資料也可能有所出入。眼鏡蛇亦以其他細小蛇類、兩棲類、魚類作為主要食物。[1] 此屬的成員主要分佈於中東、東南亞、非洲、印度尼西亞等地。 目录 1 名称 2 特征 3 毒液 4 品種 5 大眾文化 6 備註 7 外部連結 名称 眼鏡蛇的英文名稱“Cobra”一詞,是“蛇”的葡萄牙语称谓,起源于拉丁语。当16世纪葡萄牙航海家到达非洲和南亚,他们发现了眼镜蛇并将其命名为“capelo”或者“膨颈蛇”,随之此名称流传入西班牙语、法语、英语和其他欧洲语言。臺灣閩南語稱之飯匙銃和粵語飯鏟頭是取其頸部張開時外觀似飯匙。 特征 眼鏡蛇屬的成員體型矯健,多数身长能達1.8公尺(6呎)或以上,頸部與身體花紋變異很大,一般頸部有單眼紋或雙眼紋,有的沒有花紋。它們最明顯的特徵是其能擴張的頸部。當遇敵時,眼鏡蛇會張大頸部,舉起身體的前半部並低吼,這能使蛇看上去比實際的體型要大。 毒液 所有眼鏡蛇屬的成員都有致命的毒液,毒液中主要含有攻擊神經系統導致麻痺的神經毒素,而大部分的成員也帶有細胞毒素,可導致內出血及流血不止。平均排毒量80毫克。平均15毫克即能致人死亡。 某些有特別構造毒牙的眼鏡蛇屬的成員還懂得向敵人噴射毒液,它們被統稱為“噴毒眼鏡蛇”(Spitting Cobra),它們的毒牙構造與唾蛇的相似。噴毒眼鏡蛇的目標主要是敵人的眼睛,當蛇壓縮毒液囊時,毒液會透過毒牙頂端上方的小洞,透過壓力噴射出去,毒液對皮膚不會有太大影響,但當射中眼部則可引致刺痛,如處理不當則可導致失明。 品種 種名[1] 學名及命名者[1] 亞種數[1] 地理分布 南非眼鏡蛇 Naja anchietae,(Bocage, 1879) 0 安哥拉、納米比亞、贊比亞、辛巴威東部 喙眼鏡蛇 Naja annulifera,(Peters, 1854) 0 馬拉威、莫桑比克、南非、贊比亞、辛巴威 阿氏射毒眼鏡蛇 Naja ashei,(Wüster and Broadley, 2007) 0 埃塞俄比亞南部、肯雅、索馬里、烏干達 舟山眼鏡蛇 Naja atra,(Cantor, 1842) 0 中國、越南、台灣 埃及眼鏡蛇 Naja haje,(Linnaeus, 1758) 2 貝寧、喀麥隆、中非共和國、剛果民主共和國、乍得、埃及、加納、畿內亞、象牙海岸、利比亞、馬里、摩洛哥、尼日爾、尼日利亞、阿曼、沙地阿拉伯、塞內加爾、蘇丹共和國、坦桑尼亞、多哥、烏干達、也門 孟加拉眼鏡蛇 Naja kaou
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Naja is a genus of venomous elapid snakes commonly known as cobras (or "true cobras"). Various species occur throughout Africa, Southwest Asia, South Asia, and Southeast Asia. Several other elapid species are often called "cobras", such as the king cobra and the rinkhals, but they are not "true cobras", in that they do not belong to the genus Naja.
Until recently, the genus Naja had 20 to 22 species, but it has undergone several taxonomic revisions in recent years, so sources vary greatly. Wide support exists, though, for a 2009 revision that synonymised the genera Boulengerina and Paranaja with Naja. According to that revision, the genus Naja now includes 38 species. thumbnail| Indian cobra (Naja naja) thumbnail|Dissected head of Naja melanoleuca showing (A) the fangs and (B) the venom gland
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