File:Opium_pod_cut_to_demonstrate_fluid_extraction1.jpg · Wikimedia Commons · See Wikimedia Commons

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Also known as poppy tears, black spice, wuxiang

Opium (also known as poppy tears, or Lachryma papaveris) is the dried latex obtained from the seed capsules of the opium poppy Papaver somniferum. Approximately 12 percent of opium is made up of the analgesic alkaloid morphine, which is processed chemically to produce heroin and other synthetic opioids for medicinal use and for the illegal drug trade. Opium's main psychoactive alkaloids, primarily morphine, act on μ-opioid receptors, causing analgesia, with long-term use leading to tolerance and dependence. The latex also contains the closely related opiates codeine and thebaine, and non-analg

AI overview

Opium is a dried substance extracted from opium poppy seed capsules that contains morphine and other alkaloids, which are used to produce both legitimate pain-relieving medications and illegal drugs. It matters because morphine and related compounds are powerful pain relievers but also carry significant risks of tolerance and dependence with long-term use.

AI-generated from the Wikipedia summary — may contain errors.

Key facts

Botanical product.image: Opium pod cut to demonstrate fluid extraction1.jpg
Botanical product.caption: Opium poppy seed pod exuding latex from a cut
Botanical product.name: Opium
Botanical product.plant: Papaver somniferum
Botanical product.part: Latex capsule seeds
Botanical product.origin: Uncertain, possibly Anatolia, or Spain, southern France and northwestern Africa
Botanical product.consumers: Worldwide (#1: Iran)
Botanical product.legal_AU: S8
Botanical product.legal_BR: A1
Botanical product.legal_CA: Schedule I
Botanical product.legal_DE: Anlage III
Botanical product.legal_NZ: Class B
Botanical product.legal_UK: Class A
Botanical product.legal_US: Schedule II
Botanical product.legal_UN: Narcotic Schedule I
Botanical product.legal_status: Controlled unless and except for medical use under a license.

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Research

4,672 papers

Opium poisoning in modern times. An overview.ReviewForensic science international · 2019Martínez MA, Ballesteros SDOI: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2019.06.006
Opium and cardiovascular health: A devil or an angel?ReviewIndian heart journal · 2020Roayaei P, Aminorroaya A, Vasheghani-Farahani A et al.DOI: 10.1016/j.ihj.2020.10.003
Does Opium Consumption Have Shared Impact on Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease and Cancer?ReviewArchives of Iranian medicine · 2022Masoudkabir F, Malekzadeh R, Yavari N et al.DOI: 10.34172/aim.2022.08
Opium Use and Cancer Risk: A Comprehensive Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies.International journal of clinical practice · 2022Mansouri M, Naghshi S, Parsaeian M et al.DOI: 10.1155/2022/5397449
Opium use and oral cancer in Iran: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Medicine · 2025Keykha E, Shabanpour MJ, Tahmasebi E et al.DOI: 10.1097/MD.0000000000044765
Opium, Street Opium, and Cancer Risk.Current pharmaceutical design · 2022López-Lázaro MDOI: 10.2174/1381612828666220607104805
Risk of head and neck cancer among opium users.Archives of oral biology · 2024Mohebbi E, Alimoradi Z, Rozek LS et al.DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2023.105846
DARK Classics in Chemical Neuroscience: Opium, a Historical Perspective.ReviewACS chemical neuroscience · 2018Presley CC, Lindsley CWDOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.8b00459

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Wikidata facts

Instance of: crude drug
Subclass of: opiate
Has part: carbon
Image: Raw opium.jpg

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used by: pipe
Commons category: Opium
topic's main category: Category:Opium
natural product of taxon: Papaver somniferum
on focus list of Wikimedia project: Wikipedia:Vital articles/Level/4
P8168: risk pool

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