Spatangoida
The heart urchins are members of the order Spatangoida of sea urchins. Their body are somewhat elongated ovals in form, and are distinguished by the mouth being placed towards one end of the animal, and the anus towards the other. As a result, unlike most other sea urchins, heart urchins are bilaterally symmetrical, and have a distinct anterior surface. The presence and position of the mouth and anus typically give members of this group the distinct "heart" shape from which they get their common name. Heart urchins have no feeding lantern, and often have petaloids sunk into grooves. They are a
Species
ブンブク目
ORDER
- KingdomAnimalia
- PhylumEchinodermata
- ClassEchinoidea
- OrderSpatangoida
Habitatmarine
提示：本条目的主题不是心形海膽。 心海膽，是海膽綱下的其中一個目，其正式學名是蝟團目（Spatangoida），又名心海膽目、心形海膽目、心形目。心海膽在海洋裡很普遍，棲息於泥沙底部，行底內生活。化石種類很多，最早見於白堊紀。現存約200種。 目录 1 物種特徵 2 分類 3 圖片 4 參考文獻 物種特徵 心海膽在一定程度上改變為兩側對稱，殼長，口在前方，肛門在後方，圍口部邊緣無鰓裂。殼內無支持骨骼。無咀嚼器官。反口面步帶呈瓣狀。口面後間步帶分化，與成對的間步帶顯然不同，形成盾板或腹板的結構。後間步帶的第1板特化為脣板。疣穿孔。棘長短不一，隨部位而變化。盾板棘末端變寬，呈鏟形，便於挖掘泥沙。重要的形態特徵是殼面有稱為帶線的特殊結構，帶線上密布許多細小的棒狀棘。帶線按照路徑,可以分為內帶線、周花帶線、側帶線、緣帶線、肛帶線和肛下帶線。最早出現的心海膽沒有帶線。[1] 分類 根據世界海洋物種目錄（已滅絕分類群以劍號(†)標記）： 亞目 Brissidina Stockley, Smith, Littlewood, Lessios & MacKenzie-Dodds, 2005 星口海膽科 Asterostomatidae Pictet, 1857 壺海膽科 Brissidae Gray, 1855 科 Palaeotropidae Lambert, 1896 超科 Spatangidea Fischer, 1966 科 Eupatagidae Lambert, 1905 科 Eurypatagidae Kroh, 2007 拉文海膽科 Loveniidae Lambert, 1905 科 Macropneustidae Lambert, 1905 仙壺海膽科 Maretiidae Lambert, 1905 科 Megapneustidae Fourtau, 1905 † 蝟團海膽科(心形海膽科) Spatangidae Gray, 1825 半星海膽科 Hemiasteridae H. L. Clark, 1917 微星海膽亞目 Micrasterina Fischer, 1966 汽海膽科 Aeropsidae Lambert, 1896 小蛸枕海膽科 Micrasteridae Lambert, 1920a 科 Palaeostomatidae Lovén, 1868 亞目 Paleopneustina Markov & Solovjev, 2001 超科 Paleopneustidea A. Agassiz, 1904 科 Paleopneustidae A. Agassiz, 1904 緣帶海膽科 Pericosmidae Lambert, 1905 科 Prenasteridae Lambert, 1905 裂星海膽科 Schizas
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Article
3 sectionsContents
- Taxonomy
- See also
- References
The heart urchins are members of the order Spatangoida of sea urchins. Their body are somewhat elongated ovals in form, and are distinguished by the mouth being placed towards one end of the animal, and the anus towards the other. As a result, unlike most other sea urchins, heart urchins are bilaterally symmetrical, and have a distinct anterior surface. The presence and position of the mouth and anus typically give members of this group the distinct "heart" shape from which they get their common name. Heart urchins have no feeding lantern, and often have petaloids sunk into grooves. They are a relatively diverse order, with a number of varying species.
==Taxonomy== According to World Register of Marine Species : suborder Brissidina Stockley, Smith, Littlewood, Lessios & MacKenzie-Dodds, 2005 family Asterostomatidae Pictet, 1857 family Brissidae Gray, 1855 family Palaeotropidae Lambert, 1896 superfamily Spatangoidea Fischer, 1966 family Eupatagidae Lambert, 1905 family Eurypatagidae Kroh, 2007 family Loveniidae Lambert, 1905 family Macropneustidae Lambert, 1905 family Maretiidae Lambert, 1905 family Megapneustidae Fourtau, 1905 † family Spatangidae Gray, 1825 family Hemiasteridae H. L. Clark, 1917 suborder Micrasterina Fischer, 1966 family Aeropsidae Lambert, 1896 family Micrasteridae Lambert, 1920a family Palaeostomatidae Lovén, 1868 suborder Paleopneustina Markov & Solovjev, 2001 superfamily Paleopneustoidea A. Agassiz, 1904 family Paleopneustidae A. Agassiz, 1904 family Pericosmidae Lambert, 1905 family Prenasteridae Lambert, 1905 family Schizasteridae Lambert, 1905 family Somaliasteridae Wagner & Durham, 1966a † family Toxasteridae Lambert, 1920a †