brown rat
Also known as street rat, sewer rat, wharf rat, water rat, Parisian rat, Norwegian rat, Norway rat, Rattus norvegicus
species of mammal
AI overview
The brown rat is a medium-sized rodent species that is found in many parts of the world, often living near human settlements. It matters because it is one of the most widespread and successful mammals on Earth, significantly affecting human agriculture, food storage, and public health.
AI-generated from the Wikipedia summary — may contain errors.
Species
brown rat
Species
- PhylumChordata
- ClassMammalia
- OrderRodentia
- FamilyMuridae
Observations34,469
本文介紹的是野生的褐鼠。關於驯化的褐鼠，請見「大鼠」。 褐家鼠（学名：Rattus norvegicus），又名褐鼠、大鼠、挪威鼠、大家鼠、白尾吊、耗子、粪鼠、溝鼠，为鼠科家鼠属的动物，是有名及常見的老鼠之一，也是之中最大的物種，一般生活於田野、家舍广泛栖息。该物种的模式产地在英国。 褐家鼠最早源自中國北方，且目前已經散佈到南極以外所有大陸上，在歐洲成為優勢鼠類物種，於北美洲有也不少數量。生活於人類居住地，尤其是都會區。溝鼠也被選出用來作為實驗用鼠類，是重要的模式生物，此外也是一種寵物。 人們不知為何将其命名為挪威鼠，實際上牠們並不是來自挪威，1769年的書《Outlines of the Natural History of Great Britain》作者約翰·貝克恩霍特（John Berkenhout）被認為可能是這誤稱的來源。貝克恩霍特給此物種的學名為Rattus norvegicus，因為他相信此物種是在1728年經由挪威船隻遷移到英國，不過事實上此物種是來自丹麥。
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The brown rat (Rattus norvegicus), also known as the common rat, street rat, sewer rat, wharf rat, Hanover rat, Norway rat and Norwegian rat, is a widespread, common species of rat. One of the largest muroids, it is a brown or grey rodent with a body length of up to 28 cm (11 in) long, and a tail slightly shorter than that. It weighs between 140 and 500 g (4.9 and 17.6 oz). Thought to have originated in northern China and neighbouring areas, it has now spread to all continents except Antarctica, and is the dominant rat in Europe and much of North America, having become naturalised across the world. With rare exceptions, the brown rat lives wherever humans live, particularly in urban areas. It is omnivorous, reproduces rapidly, and can be a vector for several human diseases.
Selective breeding of the brown rat has produced the fancy rat (rats kept as pets), as well as the laboratory rat (rats used as model organisms in biological research). Both fancy rats and laboratory rats are of the domesticated subspecies Rattus norvegicus domestica. Studies of wild rats in New York City have shown that populations living in different neighborhoods can evolve distinct genomic profiles over time, by slowly accruing different traits.