estrogen

Also known as oestrogen, estrogens, estrogenic agents, estrogen receptor agonists, estrogenic compounds

Estrogen (American English) or oestrogen (Commonwealth English; see spelling differences) is a category of sex hormone responsible for the development and regulation of the female reproductive system and secondary sex characteristics. There are three major endogenous estrogens that have estrogenic hormonal activity: estrone (E1), estradiol (E2), and estriol (E3). Estradiol, an estrane, is the most potent and prevalent. Another estrogen called estetrol (E4) is produced only during pregnancy.

AI overview

Estrogen is a category of sex hormone that develops and regulates the female reproductive system and secondary sex characteristics, with estradiol being the most common and potent form in the body. There are several types of estrogen produced naturally, including estrone, estradiol, and estriol, plus a fourth type called estetrol that only appears during pregnancy.

AI-generated from the Wikipedia summary — may contain errors.

Key facts

Drug class.Image: Estradiol.svg
Drug class.ImageClass: skin-invert-image
Drug class.Caption: Estradiol, the major estrogen sex hormone in humans and a widely used medication
Drug class.Width: 225px
Drug class.Use: Contraception, menopause, hypogonadism, transgender women, prostate cancer, breast cancer, others
Drug class.MeshID: D004967
Drug class.ATC_prefix: G03C
Drug class.Biological_target: Estrogen receptors (ERα, ERβ, mERs (e.g., GPER, others))

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Research

312,406 papers

Rapid estrogen actions on ion channels: A survey in search for mechanisms.ReviewSteroids · 2016Kow LM, Pfaff DWDOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2016.02.018
The G protein-coupled oestrogen receptor GPER in health and disease: an update.ReviewNature reviews. Endocrinology · 2023Prossnitz ER, Barton MDOI: 10.1038/s41574-023-00822-7
Developmental estrogen exposures predispose to prostate carcinogenesis with aging.ReviewReproductive toxicology (Elmsford, N.Y.) · 2007Prins GS, Birch L, Tang WY et al.DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2006.10.001
The effect of the menstrual cycle on exercise metabolism: implications for exercise performance in eumenorrhoeic women.ReviewSports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2010Oosthuyse T, Bosch ANDOI: 10.2165/11317090-000000000-00000
Rapid endocrine disruption: environmental estrogen actions triggered outside the nucleus.ReviewThe Journal of steroid biochemistry and molecular biology · 2006Ropero AB, Alonso-Magdalena P, Ripoll C et al.DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2006.09.019
In vitro estrogen-disrupting effects of organophosphate flame retardants.The Science of the total environment · 2020Ji X, Li N, Ma M et al.DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.138484
New estrogen-free oral hormonal contraceptive (Estrogene free ill-EFP).Ceska gynekologie · 2020Křepelka P
Estrogen suppresses SOX9 and activates markers of female development in a human testis-derived cell line.BMC molecular and cell biology · 2020Stewart MK, Mattiske DM, Pask AJDOI: 10.1186/s12860-020-00307-9

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Wikidata facts

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Commons category: Estrogens
WordLift URL: data.medicalrecords.com/medicalrecords/healthwise/estrogens

Sources (7)

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~27 min read

Article

33 sections

Contents

Types and examples
Biological function
Overview of actions
Female pubertal development
Breast development
Female reproductive system
Neuroprotection and DNA repair
Brain and behavior
Sex drive
Cognition
Mental health
Parenthood
Binge eating
Masculinization in rodents
Skeletal system
Cardiovascular system
Immune system
Associated conditions
Biochemistry
Biosynthesis
Distribution
Metabolism
Excretion
Medical use
Chemistry
History
Society and culture
Etymology
Environment
Cosmetics
See also
References
External links

Estrogens are synthesized in all vertebrates and some insects. Quantitatively, estrogens circulate at lower levels than androgens in both men and women. While estrogen levels are significantly lower in males than in females, estrogens nevertheless have important physiological roles in males.