File:Trimethyl_steroid-nomenclature.svg · Wikimedia Commons · See Wikimedia Commons

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steroid

Also known as steroids

thumb|right|alt=Complex chemical diagram|class=skin-invert-image|Structure of 24-ethyl-lanostane, a prototypical steroid with 32 carbon atoms. Its core ring system (ABCD), composed of 17 carbon atoms, is shown with [[IUPAC-approved ring lettering and atom numbering.]]A steroid is an organic compound with four fused rings (designated A, B, C, and D) arranged in a specific molecular configuration.

AI overview

A steroid is an organic compound made up of four fused rings arranged in a specific molecular structure. Steroids matter because this particular ring arrangement is found in many biologically important molecules that affect how living organisms function.

AI-generated from the Wikipedia summary — may contain errors.

Research

1,219,821 papers

Steroid Bioconversions.ReviewMethods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.) · 2017Donova MVDOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-7183-1_1
Steroid metabolism and hormonal dynamics in normal and malignant ovaries.ReviewEssays in biochemistry · 2024Beevors LI, Sundar S, Foster PADOI: 10.1042/EBC20240028
A review on steroid dimers: 2011-2019.ReviewSteroids · 2020Nahar L, Sarker SDDOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2020.108736
Steroid-based anion receptors and transporters.ReviewChemical Society reviews · 2010Brotherhood PR, Davis APDOI: 10.1039/b926225n
Microbial degradation of steroid sex hormones: implications for environmental and ecological studies.ReviewMicrobial biotechnology · 2020Chiang YR, Wei ST, Wang PH et al.DOI: 10.1111/1751-7915.13504
Steroid effects on the gene expression of peripheral myelin proteins.ReviewHormones and behavior · 2001Melcangi RC, Magnaghi V, Galbiati M et al.DOI: 10.1006/hbeh.2001.1678
Pediatric steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome.ReviewCurrent problems in pediatric and adolescent health care · 2001McBryde KD, Kershaw DB, Smoyer WEDOI: 10.1067/mps.2001.119800
Steroid Metabolomic Signature in Term and Preterm Infants.Biomolecules · 2024Heckmann M, Runkel AS, Sunny DE et al.DOI: 10.3390/biom14020235

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Wikidata facts

Show 3 more facts

SMARTS notation: [#6]C12[#6]-[#6]-[#6]3-[#6](-[#6]-[#6]-[#6]4-[#6]-[#6]-[#6]-[#6]C34[#6])-[#6]1-[#6]-[#6]-[#6]2-*
Commons category: Steroids
canonical SMILES: C12C(C3C(C(CC3)*)(C)CC1)CCC4C2(CCCC4)C

Sources (5)

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~34 min read

Article

30 sections

Contents

Structure
Nomenclature
Rings and functional groups
Naming convention
Species distribution
Eukaryotic
Prokaryotic
Fungal
Plant
Animal
Types
By function
By structure
Intact ring system
Cleaved, contracted, and expanded rings
Biological significance
Biosynthesis and metabolism
Mevalonate pathway
<span class="anchor" id="Regulation">Steroidogenesis</span>
Alternative pathways
Catabolism and excretion
Isolation, structure determination, and methods of analysis
{{anchor|Chemical synthesis of steroids|Partial and total chemical synthesis|Microbial transformations}}Chemical synthesis
Precursors
Semisynthesis
Total synthesis
{{anchor|History}}Research awards
See also
References
Bibliography

Steroids have two principal biological functions: as important components of cell membranes that alter membrane fluidity; and as signaling molecules. Examples include the lipid cholesterol, sex hormones estradiol and testosterone, anabolic steroids, and the anti-inflammatory corticosteroid drug dexamethasone. Hundreds of steroids are found in fungi, plants, and animals. All steroids are manufactured in cells from a sterol: cholesterol (animals), lanosterol (opisthokonts), or cycloartenol (plants). All three of these molecules are produced via cyclization of the triterpene squalene.