hydrazine

Also known as diazane, tetrahydridodinitrogen, H2NNH2, N2H4, nitrogen hydride, diamine, hydrazin, inorganic hydrazine

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Chemical data

Formula: H4N2
Molecular weight: 32.046 g/mol
IUPAC name: hydrazine
SMILES: NN
InChIKey: OAKJQQAXSVQMHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N
XLogP: -1.5
Polar surface area: 52 Å²
H-bond donors: 2
H-bond acceptors: 2
Formal charge: 0

via PubChem

Research

61,119 papers

Bacterial Hydrazine Biosynthetic Pathways Featuring Cupin/Methionyl tRNA Synthetase-like Enzymes.ReviewChembiochem : a European journal of chemical biology · 2024Matsuda K, Wakimoto TDOI: 10.1002/cbic.202300874
Hydrazine.ReviewIARC monographs on the evaluation of carcinogenic risks to humans · 1999
The Hydrazine Moiety in the Synthesis of Modified Nucleosides and Nucleotides.ReviewChemMedChem · 2024Guillou A, Peyrottes S, Vasseur JJ et al.DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202400234
Hydrazine Exposé: The Next-Generation Fluorescent Probe.ACS sensors · 2019Jung Y, Ju IG, Choe YH et al.DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.8b01429
Hydrazine reagents as derivatizing agents in environmental analysis--a critical review.ReviewFresenius' journal of analytical chemistry · 2000Vogel M, Büldt A, Karst UDOI: 10.1007/s002160051572
Natural hydrazine-containing compounds: Biosynthesis, isolation, biological activities and synthesis.ReviewBioorganic & medicinal chemistry · 2014Le Goff G, Ouazzani JDOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2014.10.011
Risk assessment of trace hydrazine in a 2020 bottled water-associated nonviral hepatitis outbreak.ReviewCritical reviews in toxicology · 2025Deckard BM, McCauley KM, Stevens ME et al.DOI: 10.1080/10408444.2025.2600331
The Toxicity, Pathophysiology, and Treatment of Acute Hydrazine Propellant Exposure: A Systematic Review.Military medicine · 2021Nguyen HN, Chenoweth JA, Bebarta VS et al.DOI: 10.1093/milmed/usaa429

via PubMed

Wikidata facts

Mass: 32.05

Show 17 more facts

Commons category: Hydrazine
canonical SMILES: NN
NIOSH Pocket Guide ID: 0329
density: 1.01
immediately dangerous to life or health: 65.5
vapor pressure: 10
lower flammable limit: 2.9
upper flammable limit: 98
ionization energy: 8.10
time-weighted average exposure limit: 1.3
ceiling exposure limit: 0.04
pKa: 8.10
chemical formula: H₄N₂
electric dipole moment: 1.75
melting point: 1.4
boiling point: 113.55
flash point: 99

Sources (6)

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~25 min read

Article

26 sections

Contents

Etymology and history
Applications
Gas producers and propellants
Precursor to pesticides and pharmaceuticals
Small-scale, niche, and research
Rocket fuel
Occupational hazards
Health effects
Occupational exposure limits
Handling and medical surveillance
Molecular structure
Synthesis and production
Oxidation of ammonia via oxaziridines from peroxide
Chlorine-based oxidations
Reactions
Acid-base behavior
Redox reactions
Hydrazinium salts
Organic chemistry
Hydrazone formation
Biochemistry
In popular culture
See also
References
Further reading
External links

Hydrazine is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula . It is a simple pnictogen hydride, and is a colourless flammable liquid with an ammonia-like odour. Hydrazine is highly hazardous unless handled in solution as, for example, hydrazine hydrate ().

Hydrazine is mainly used as a foaming agent in preparing polymer foams, but applications also include its uses as a precursor to pharmaceuticals and agrochemicals, as well as a long-term storable propellant for in-space spacecraft propulsion. Additionally, hydrazine is used in various rocket fuels and to prepare the gas precursors used in airbags. Hydrazine is used within both nuclear and conventional electrical power plant steam cycles as an oxygen scavenger to control concentrations of dissolved oxygen in an effort to reduce corrosion. , approximately 120,000 tons of hydrazine hydrate (corresponding to a 64% solution of hydrazine in water by weight) were manufactured worldwide per year.