Leishmania
Leishmania () is a genus of parasitic protozoans, single-celled eukaryotic organisms of the trypanosomatid group that are responsible for the disease leishmaniasis. The parasites are transmitted by sandflies of the genus Phlebotomus in the Old World, and of the genus Lutzomyia in the New World. There are 53 species and about 20 of them are responsible for human infections. They are transmitted by around 100 species of sandflies. The primary hosts are vertebrates. They commonly infect hyraxes, canids, rodents, and humans.
Species
GENUS
- KingdomProtozoa
- PhylumEuglenozoa
- ClassKinetoplastea
- OrderTrypanosomatida
- FamilyTrypanosomatidae
Als Leishmanien (Leishmania, nach William Boog Leishman benannt) bezeichnet man eine Gattung von geißeltragenden Protozoen, die sich im Blut in Makrophagen vermehren (Hämoflagellaten). Leishmanien leben obligat als intrazelluläre Parasiten mit einem Wirtswechsel zwischen Insekten (Sandmücken, Schmetterlingsmücken) und Wirbeltieren (Schafe, Hunde, Menschen). Das durch Leishmanien hervorgerufene Krankheitsbild bezeichnet man als Leishmaniose. Inhaltsverzeichnis 1 Verbreitung 2 Merkmale 3 Lebenszyklus 4 Schadwirkung 5 Ablauf der Infektion im Detail 5.1 Neutrophile Granulozyten – Trojanische Pferde für Leishmanien 5.2 Aufnahme und Überleben 5.3 Persistieren und Anlocken 5.4 „Silent Phagocytosis“ 6 Arten 7 Literatur 7.1 Artikelgrundlage 7.2 Weiterführend 8 Einzelnachweise 9 Weblinks Verbreitung Leishmanien sind mit Ausnahme von Australien auf der ganzen Welt verbreitet. Sie gelten als Auslöser vieler Tierseuchen. Der Mensch wird von weniger Arten befallen. Nach Schätzungen der WHO gibt es jährlich weltweit etwa 1,5 Millionen Neuerkrankungen an kutaner Leishmaniose und ca. 500.000 an viszeraler Leishmaniose. Etwa zwölf Millionen Menschen sind zurzeit mit Leishmanien infiziert.[1] Merkmal
via GBIF
Research
~28 min read
Article
22 sectionsContents
- History
- Epidemiology
- Structure
- Evolution
- Taxonomy
- Notes
- Classification
- Related genera
- Biochemistry and cell biology
- Lipophosphoglycan coat
- Intracellular mechanism of infection
- Uptake and survival
- Persistency and attraction
- Silent phagocytosis theory
- Molecular biology
- Genomics
- Genomic instability
- Sexual reproduction
- See also
- References
- Further reading
- External links
Leishmania () is a genus of parasitic protozoans, single-celled eukaryotic organisms of the trypanosomatid group that are responsible for the disease leishmaniasis. The parasites are transmitted by sandflies of the genus Phlebotomus in the Old World, and of the genus Lutzomyia in the New World. There are 53 species and about 20 of them are responsible for human infections. They are transmitted by around 100 species of sandflies. The primary hosts are vertebrates. They commonly infect hyraxes, canids, rodents, and humans.
==History== Members of an ancient genus of Leishmania-like parasites, Paleoleishmania, have been detected in fossilized sand flies dating back to the early Cretaceous period. The first written reference to the conspicuous symptoms of cutaneous leishmaniasis surfaced in the Paleotropics within oriental texts dating back to the 7th century BC (allegedly transcribed from sources several hundred years older, between 1500 and 2000 BC). Due to its broad and persistent prevalence throughout antiquity as a mysterious disease of diverse symptomatic outcomes, leishmaniasis has been dubbed with various names ranging from "white leprosy" to "black fever". Some of these names suggest links to negative cultural beliefs or mythology, which still feed into the social stigmatization of leishmaniasis today.