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propolis
Sign in to saveAlso known as bee glue
thumb|Propolis, produced by the western honey bee (Apis mellifera) thumb|200px|Two bars from a top bar hive that the bees have glued together using propolis. Separating the bars will take some effort as the propolis has hardened. thumb|200px|Propolis on the upper bar
Propolis is a sticky substance produced by honey bees that they use to seal and reinforce their hives by gluing structural elements together. Bees produce it as a practical building material that hardens over time, making it strong enough to require significant effort to separate when beekeepers work with their hives.
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Research
5,720 papers- Antibacterial Properties of Propolis.ReviewMolecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2019Przybyłek I, Karpiński TMDOI: 10.3390/molecules24112047
- Anticancer Activity of Propolis and Its Compounds.ReviewNutrients · 2021Forma E, Bryś MDOI: 10.3390/nu13082594
- Honey, Propolis, and Royal Jelly: A Comprehensive Review of Their Biological Actions and Health Benefits.ReviewOxidative medicine and cellular longevity · 2017Pasupuleti VR, Sammugam L, Ramesh N et al.DOI: 10.1155/2017/1259510
- Propolis: Antineoplastic Activity, Constituents, and Mechanisms of Action.ReviewCurrent topics in medicinal chemistry · 2023Ruiz-Bustos P, Alday E, Garibay-Escobar A et al.DOI: 10.2174/1568026623666230321120631
- Propolis in the management of cardiovascular disease.ReviewInternational journal of biological macromolecules · 2024Chavda VP, Vuppu S, Balar PC et al.DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.131219
- Applications of propolis-based materials in wound healing.ReviewArchives of dermatological research · 2023El-Sakhawy M, Salama A, Tohamy HSDOI: 10.1007/s00403-023-02789-x
- Radioprotective Effects from Propolis: A Review.ReviewMolecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Ibáñez B, Melero A, Montoro A et al.DOI: 10.3390/molecules28155842
- Propolis: types, composition, biological activities, and veterinary product patent prospecting.ReviewJournal of the science of food and agriculture · 2020Santos LM, Fonseca MS, Sokolonski AR et al.DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.10024
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thumb|Propolis, produced by the western honey bee (Apis mellifera) thumb|200px|Two bars from a top bar hive that the bees have glued together using propolis. Separating the bars will take some effort as the propolis has hardened. thumb|200px|Propolis on the upper bar
Propolis or bee glue is a resinous mixture that honey bees produce by mixing saliva and beeswax with exudate gathered from tree buds, sap flows, or other botanical sources. It is used as a sealant for unwanted open spaces in the beehive. Propolis is used for small gaps (around or less), while gaps larger than the bee space (around ) are usually filled with burr comb. Its color varies depending on its botanical source, with dark brown as the most common. Propolis is sticky above , while at lower temperatures, it becomes hard and brittle.