serotonin

Also known as thrombotonin, thrombocytin, Antemoqua, Hippophaine, 5-hydroxy-tryptamine, Antemovis, 3-(2-Aminoethyl)-1H-indol-5-ol, 3-(2-azanylethyl)-1H-indol-5-ol

Serotonin (), also known as 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), is a monoamine neurotransmitter with a wide range of functions in both the central nervous system (CNS) and also peripheral tissues. It is involved in mood, cognition, reward, learning, memory, and physiological processes such as vomiting and vasoconstriction. In the CNS, serotonin regulates mood, appetite, and sleep.

AI overview

Serotonin is a chemical messenger in your brain and body that affects mood, sleep, appetite, learning, and memory, along with various physical processes. It's widely studied because problems with serotonin levels are thought to contribute to conditions like depression, which is why many psychiatric medications aim to adjust how much serotonin is available in the brain.

AI-generated from the Wikipedia summary — may contain errors.

Key facts

Drug.IUPAC_name: 3-(2-Aminoethyl)-1H-indol-5-ol
Drug.synonyms: 5-HT, 5-Hydroxytryptamine, Enteramine, Thrombocytin, 3-(β-Aminoethyl)-5-hydroxyl solution, Thrombotonin
Drug.image: Serotonin-2D-skeletal.svg
Drug.image_class: skin-invert-image
Drug.alt: Skeletal formula of serotonin
Drug.image2: Serotonin-Spartan-HF-based-on-xtal-3D-balls-web.png
Drug.image_class2: bg-transparent
Drug.alt2: Ball-and-stick model of the serotonin molecule
Drug.source_tissues: raphe nuclei, enterochromaffin cells
Drug.target_tissues: system-wide
Drug.receptors: 5-HT1, 5-HT2, 5-HT3, 5-HT4, 5-HT5, 5-HT6, 5-HT7
Drug.agonists: Indirectly: SSRIs, MAOIs
Drug.precursor: 5-HTP
Drug.biosynthesis: Aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase
Drug.metabolism: MAO
Drug.CAS_number: 50-67-9
Drug.PubChem: 5202
Drug.ChemSpiderID: 5013

via Wikipedia infobox

Chemical data

Formula: C10H12N2O
Molecular weight: 176.21 g/mol
IUPAC name: 3-(2-aminoethyl)-1H-indol-5-ol
SMILES: C1=CC2=C(C=C1O)C(=CN2)CCN
InChIKey: QZAYGJVTTNCVMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N
XLogP: 0.2
Polar surface area: 62 Å²
H-bond donors: 3
H-bond acceptors: 2
Formal charge: 0

via PubChem

Research

166,094 papers

Serotonin Pathway in Cancer.ReviewInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2021Balakrishna P, George S, Hatoum H et al.DOI: 10.3390/ijms22031268
Serotonin in depression and Alzheimer's disease: Focus on SSRI's beneficial effects.ReviewAgeing research reviews · 2024Tahiri J, Mian M, Aftan F et al.DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2024.102537
Serotonin signalling in cancer: Emerging mechanisms and therapeutic opportunities.ReviewClinical and translational medicine · 2024Chen L, Huang S, Wu X et al.DOI: 10.1002/ctm2.1750
[The pharmacological basis of the serotonin system: Application to antidepressant response].ReviewL'Encephale · 2016David DJ, Gardier AMDOI: 10.1016/j.encep.2016.03.012
Serotonin, hematopoiesis and stem cells.ReviewPharmacological research · 2019Fouquet G, Coman T, Hermine O et al.DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2018.08.005
Serotonin regulation of mitochondria in kidney diseases.ReviewPharmacological research · 2024Hurtado K, Scholpa NE, Schnellmann JG et al.DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2024.107154
Serotonin and orthodontic tooth movement.ReviewBiochimie · 2019Dhenain T, Côté F, Coman TDOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2019.04.002
Serotonin as a Mitogen in the Gastrointestinal Tract: Revisiting a Familiar Molecule in a New Role.ReviewCellular and molecular gastroenterology and hepatology · 2021Shah PA, Park CJ, Shaughnessy MP et al.DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2021.05.008

via PubMed

Wikidata facts

Mass: 176.095

Show 7 more facts

Commons category: Serotonin
chemical formula: C₁₀H₁₂N₂O
canonical SMILES: C1=CC2=C(C=C1O)C(=CN2)CCN
melting point: 167.5
boiling point: 416
pKa: 10.4
electric dipole moment: 2.98

Sources (5)

via Wikidata · CC0

~58 min read

Article

64 sections

Contents

Molecular structure
Crystal structure
Biological role
Cellular effects
Receptors
Termination
Serotonylation
Nervous system
Ultrastructure and function
Microanatomy
Outside the nervous system
Digestive tract (emetic)
Lungs
Skin
Bone metabolism
Organ development
Cardiovascular growth factor
Adipose tissue
Pharmacology
Mechanism of action
Antidepressants
Anxiolytics
Antipsychotics
Antimigraine agents
Oxytocics
Antiemetics
Appetite suppressants
Anticonvulsants
Psychedelics
Entactogens
Serotonin syndrome
Cardiac fibrosis and other fibroses
Comparative biology and evolution
Unicellular organisms
Edible plants and mushrooms
Invertebrates
Nematodes
Decapods
In venoms
Insects
Acrididae
Role in insecticides
Hymenopterans
Dipterans
Vertebrates
5-HT system in vertebrates
Dogs / canine species
Teleost fish
Mice
Behavior
Social interaction
Response to stimuli
Mood
Growth and reproduction
Aging and age-related phenotypes
Biochemical mechanisms
Biosynthesis
Analytical chemistry
History and etymology
Effects in humans
Notes
References
Further reading
External links

Most of the body's serotonin—about 90%—is synthesized in the gastrointestinal tract by enterochromaffin cells, where it regulates intestinal movements. It is also produced in smaller amounts in the brainstem's raphe nuclei, the skin's Merkel cells, pulmonary neuroendocrine cells, and taste receptor cells of the tongue. Once secreted, serotonin is taken up by platelets in the blood, which release it during clotting to promote vasoconstriction and platelet aggregation. Around 8% of the body's serotonin is stored in platelets, and 1–2% is found in the CNS.