KRAS
Also known as C-K-RAS, CFC2, K-RAS2A, K-RAS2B, K-RAS4A, K-RAS4B, KI-RAS, KRAS1
KRAS (Kirsten rat sarcoma virus oncogene homologue) is a gene that provides instructions for making a protein called K-Ras, a part of the RAS/MAPK pathway. The protein relays signals from outside the cell to the cell's nucleus. These signals instruct the cell to grow and divide (proliferate) or to mature and take on specialized functions (differentiate). It is called KRAS because it was first identified as a viral oncogene in the Kirsten RAt Sarcoma virus (current viral nomenclature: Kirsten murine sarcoma virus, Gammaretrovirus Kimursar). The oncogene identified was derived from a cellular ge
Gene data
KRAS- Name
- KRAS proto-oncogene, GTPase
- Type
- protein-coding
- Position
- 25,205,246–25,250,936 (−)
- Aliases
- 'C-K-RAS, C-K-RAS, CFC2, K-RAS2A, K-RAS2B, K-RAS4A, K-RAS4B, K-Ras, K-Ras 2, KI-RAS
- Ensembl
- ENSG00000133703
- RefSeq RNA
- NM_001369786.1, NM_001369787.1, NM_004985.5, NM_033360.4, XM_047428826.1
- RefSeq protein
- NP_001356715.1, NP_001356716.1, NP_004976.2, NP_203524.1, XP_047284782.1
This gene, a Kirsten ras oncogene homolog from the mammalian ras gene family, encodes a protein that is a member of the small GTPase superfamily. A single amino acid substitution is responsible for an activating mutation. The transforming protein that results is implicated in various malignancies, including lung adenocarcinoma, mucinous adenoma, ductal carcinoma of the pancreas and colorectal carcinoma. Alternative splicing leads to variants encoding two isoforms that differ in the C-terminal region. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008].
Gene Ontology
Biological process
Article
16 sectionsContents
- Function
- Clinical significance when mutated
- Colorectal cancer
- ''KRAS'' amplification
- Lung cancer
- Pancreatic cancer
- ''KRAS'' testing
- As a therapeutic target
- Pan-KRAS (WT or any mutation)
- G12C mutation
- G12D mutation
- G12V mutation
- Interactions
- References
- Further reading
- External links
KRAS (Kirsten rat sarcoma virus oncogene homologue) is a gene that provides instructions for making a protein called K-Ras, a part of the RAS/MAPK pathway. The protein relays signals from outside the cell to the cell's nucleus. These signals instruct the cell to grow and divide (proliferate) or to mature and take on specialized functions (differentiate). It is called KRAS because it was first identified as a viral oncogene in the Kirsten RAt Sarcoma virus (current viral nomenclature: Kirsten murine sarcoma virus, Gammaretrovirus Kimursar). The oncogene identified was derived from a cellular genome, so , when found in a cellular genome, is called a proto-oncogene.
The K-Ras protein is a GTPase, a class of enzymes which convert the nucleotide guanosine triphosphate (GTP) into guanosine diphosphate (GDP). In this way the K-Ras protein acts like a switch that is turned on and off by the GTP and GDP molecules. To transmit signals, it must be turned on by attaching (binding) to a molecule of GTP. The K-Ras protein is turned off (inactivated) when it converts the GTP to GDP. When the protein is bound to GDP, it does not relay signals to the nucleus.