CTCF

Also known as MRD21, CCCTC-binding factor, FAP108, CFAP108

Transcriptional repressor CTCF also known as 11-zinc finger protein or CCCTC-binding factor is a transcription factor that in humans is encoded by the CTCF gene. CTCF is involved in many cellular processes, including transcriptional regulation, insulator activity, V(D)J recombination and regulation of chromatin architecture.

Gene data

CTCF

Name: CCCTC-binding factor
Type: protein-coding
Position: 67,561,831–67,639,189 (+)
Aliases: CFAP108, FAP108, MRD21
Ensembl: ENSG00000102974
RefSeq RNA: NM_001191022.2, NM_001363916.2, NM_001438968.1, NM_001438969.1, NM_006565.4
RefSeq protein: NP_001177951.1, NP_001350845.1, NP_001425897.1, NP_001425898.1, NP_006556.1

This gene is a member of the BORIS + CTCF gene family and encodes a transcriptional regulator protein with 11 highly conserved zinc finger (ZF) domains. This nuclear protein is able to use different combinations of the ZF domains to bind different DNA target sequences and proteins. Depending upon the context of the site, the protein can bind a histone acetyltransferase (HAT)-containing complex and function as a transcriptional activator or bind a histone deacetylase (HDAC)-containing complex and function as a transcriptional repressor. If the protein is bound to a transcriptional insulator element, it can block communication between enhancers and upstream promoters, thereby regulating imprinted expression. Mutations in this gene have been associated with invasive breast cancers, prostate cancers, and Wilms' tumors. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2010].

Gene Ontology

Biological process

negative regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II regulation of DNA-templated transcription regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II negative regulation of cell population proliferation positive regulation of gene expression positive regulation of gene expression negative regulation of gene expression epigenetic regulation of gene expression

Molecular function

transcription cis-regulatory region binding RNA polymerase II cis-regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding RNA polymerase II cis-regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding cis-regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding transcription coregulator binding DNA-binding transcription repressor activity, RNA polymerase II-specific DNA binding chromatin binding

Cellular component

chromosome, centromeric region chromosome, centromeric region condensed chromosome nucleus nucleus nucleoplasm nucleoplasm chromosome

Pathways

Developmental Biology Chromatin organization Activation of anterior HOX genes in hindbrain development during early embryogenesis Activation of HOX genes during differentiation ATP-dependent chromatin remodelers CHD chromatin remodelers CHD6, CHD7, CHD8, CHD9 subfamily MECP2 and Associated Rett Syndrome Prion disease pathway Model for regulation of MSMP expression in cancer cells and its proangiogenic role in ovarian tumors

via MyGene.info

Gene · Ensembl

CCCTC-binding factor

Symbol: CTCF
Biotype: Protein coding
Organism: Homo sapiens
Location: 16:67,561,831-67,639,189
Strand: Forward (+)
Assembly: GRCh38

View on Ensembl →

via Ensembl · EMBL-EBI

Wikidata facts

Image: Protein CTCF PDB 1x6h.png

Show 6 more facts

HomoloGene ID: 4786
exact match: identifiers.org/ncbigene/10664
genomic end: 67639177
genomic start: 67562467
cytogenetic location: 16q22.1
Commons category: Transcriptional repressor CTCF

Sources (6)

via Wikidata · CC0

~7 min read

Article

13 sections

Contents

Discovery
Function
Evolution
Observed activity
Transcriptional regulation
Insulation
Regulation of chromatin architecture
Regulation of RNA splicing
DNA binding
Protein-protein interactions
References
Further reading
External links

== Discovery == CCCTC-Binding factor or CTCF was initially discovered as a negative regulator of the chicken c-myc gene. This protein was found to be binding to three regularly spaced repeats of the core sequence CCCTC and thus was named CCCTC binding factor.