HRAS
Sign in to saveAlso known as C-BAS/HAS, C-H-RAS, C-HA-RAS1, CTLO, H-RASIDX, HAMSV, HRAS1, RASH1
GTPase HRas, the "Harvey Rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog", also known as transforming protein p21, is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the gene. The HRAS gene is located on the short (p) arm of chromosome 11 at position 15.5, from base pair 522,241 to base pair 525,549. HRas is a small G protein in the Ras subfamily of the Ras superfamily of small GTPases. Once bound to guanosine triphosphate, H-Ras will activate a Raf kinase like c-Raf, the next step in the MAPK/ERK pathway.
Gene data
HRAS- Name
- HRas proto-oncogene, GTPase
- Type
- protein-coding
- Position
- 532,242–537,343 (−)
- Aliases
- C-BAS/HAS, C-H-RAS, C-HA-RAS1, CTLO, H-RASIDX, HAMSV, HRAS1, RASH1, p21ras
- Ensembl
- ENSG00000276536
- RefSeq RNA
- NM_001130442.3, NM_001318054.2, NM_005343.4, NM_176795.5, XM_054368610.1
- RefSeq protein
- NP_001123914.1, NP_001304983.1, NP_005334.1, NP_789765.1, XP_054224585.1
This gene belongs to the Ras oncogene family, whose members are related to the transforming genes of mammalian sarcoma retroviruses. The products encoded by these genes function in signal transduction pathways. These proteins can bind GTP and GDP, and they have intrinsic GTPase activity. This protein undergoes a continuous cycle of de- and re-palmitoylation, which regulates its rapid exchange between the plasma membrane and the Golgi apparatus. Mutations in this gene cause Costello syndrome, a disease characterized by increased growth at the prenatal stage, growth deficiency at the postnatal stage, predisposition to tumor formation, cognitive disability, skin and musculoskeletal abnormalities, distinctive facial appearance and cardiovascular abnormalities. Defects in this gene are implicated in a variety of cancers, including bladder cancer, follicular thyroid cancer, and oral squamous cell carcinoma. Multiple transcript variants, which encode different isoforms, have been identified for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008].
Gene Ontology
Biological process
Molecular function
Pathways
via MyGene.info
Gene · Ensembl
HRas proto-oncogene, GTPase
- Symbol
- HRAS
- Biotype
- Protein coding
- Organism
- Homo sapiens
- Location
- Chr HSCHR11_1_CTG8:61,883-66,928
- Strand
- Reverse (−)
- Assembly
- GRCh38
via Ensembl · EMBL-EBI
Wikidata facts
- Image
- Protein CD44 PDB 1poz.png
Show 6 more facts
- HomoloGene ID
- 55890
- exact match
- identifiers.org/ncbigene/3265
- genomic start
- 532242
- genomic end
- 537321
- cytogenetic location
- 11p15.5
- Commons category
- HRAS
Sources (7)
via Wikidata · CC0
~6 min read
Article
8 sectionsContents
- Function
- Clinical significance
- Costello syndrome
- Bladder cancer
- Other cancers
- References
- Further reading
- External links
GTPase HRas, the "Harvey Rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog", also known as transforming protein p21, is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the gene. The HRAS gene is located on the short (p) arm of chromosome 11 at position 15.5, from base pair 522,241 to base pair 525,549. HRas is a small G protein in the Ras subfamily of the Ras superfamily of small GTPases. Once bound to guanosine triphosphate, H-Ras will activate a Raf kinase like c-Raf, the next step in the MAPK/ERK pathway.
As its name suggests, the gene was initially discovered in the Harvey rat sarcoma virus as a viral oncogene (Harvey murine sarcoma virus, Gammaretrovirus Hamursar). The gene in this virus was later discovered to closely resemble a cellular gene found in many animals; as a result, it was deduced that the virus incorporated the cellular gene into its genome in the past, leading it down the route of becoming an oncovirus. Incorporation of cellular genes happens regularly in retroviruses; when a key regulatory gene such as HRAS is incorporated, it may become oncogenic as the virus evolves for greater fitness. The benign version in the cellular genome is not directly cancerous, but further mutations can turn it cancerous. As a result, the cellular version is called a proto-oncogene.